His research and teaching interests include Enlightenment political, social, and moral theories (including French, German, Scottish, and English writings of the 18th century) and their diverse historical and contemporary legacies; modern theories of international justice, political economy, commerce, sociability, communication, cultural pluralism, and cosmopolitanism; the modern intellectual history of conceptualizing and analyzing inhumanity and degradation; and historic debates about conquest, slavery, and just war.