Climate change is already and will continue to challenge both human and natural systems. While we can influence the speed and magnitude of anthropogenically induced climate change, we cannot avoid it altogether. Human responses to actual and anticipated climate change, collectively known as adaptation, require considerations of uncertainty, equity, effectiveness and cost. My research focuses on a) community-level vulnerability assessment in light of climate change and other stresses in various economic sectors and geographic contexts; and b) pro-active adaptation planning to reduce anticipated vulnerability.